Sekureva kwePPP Center yeBazi reMari (tinya pazasi peji rino kuti uverenge zvinyorwa zvekutanga kuti uwane zvinyorwa zvizere), iyo "Technical Report paPublic-Private Partnerships Kukurudzira Kubudirira Kunoenderera" yakanyorwa neBRICS Working Group paPPP uye. Zvivakwa zvakabvumidzwa neChipiri cheMari Institution muna 2022. Yakatenderwa neMusangano weMakurukota eMari yeBRICS neCentral Bank Magavhuna paMusangano wechigumi neina weVatungamiriri veBRICS.
1. Tsanangudzo yeProjekiti
Tsanangudzo Yepurojekiti Yuanmou County iri munzvimbo yakaoma-inopisa mupata, inozivikanwa se "natural greenhouse".Ndiyo imwe yezvigadziko zvekugadzira zvekuvandudza zvirimwa zvehupfumi hwepasirese uye miriwo mukutanga kwechando.Dambudziko remvura rakakura.
Pasati paitwa chirongwa ichi, kudiwa kwemvura yekudiridza pagore kwaisvika 92.279 miriyoni m³, mvura yaingove 66.382 miriyoni m³, uye kushomeka kwemvura kwaive 28.06%.Iyo County ine nharaunda ye429,400 mu yevhu rinorimika, uye iyo inoshanda yekudiridza ingori 236,900 mu.Huwandu hwekushomeka kwemadiridziro hwakakwira kusvika pa44.83%.Kuitwa kwepurojekiti iyi kuchavhara nzvimbo ye114,000 mu yeminda yepurazi, kunyatsovandudza kushanda kwezviwanikwa zvemvura, kugadzirisa zvipingamupinyi mukusimudzira kurima kunokonzerwa nekushomeka kwemvura muYuanmou County, kushandura nzira isingagadzirisike yekushandisa zviwanikwa zvemvura, uye shanduko. Kudiridza kwechinyakare kwemafashamu kune zvakanangwa Naizvozvo, kudiridza kwepamusoro-soro kwekuchengetedza mvura kunogona kuwanikwa, uye mamiriro e "kuchengetedza mvura yehurumende, kuwedzera kwemari yevarimi, uye purofiti yebhizinesi" inogona kuwanikwa.
Pasi pehutungamiri hwemutemo wehurumende wekukurudzira hupfumi hwevanhu kuti vatore chikamu mukuvaka nekushanda kwemapurojekiti makuru ekuchengetedza mvura, chirongwa ichi chinoitwa kuburikidza nePPP modhi (WeChat Public Account: Water Investment Policy Theory).
Kune rimwe divi, mari yehurumende yeYuanmou County iri padanho rakaderera, uye modhi yePPP inonyatso gadzirisa kushomeka kwemari yekuvaka zvivakwa.
Kune rimwe divi, mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza mvura anotarisisa huwandu hwekudyara, uye kuita kwavo uye manejimendi ane kusavimbika kukuru, zvinoda ruzivo rwehunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye danho rekutonga rekuvaka kuchengetedza mvura.Iyo PPP modhi inoshandisa zvakanakira zvesocial capital mukugadzira, kuvaka uye manejimendi., kutonga uye kuchengetedza mari yeprojekiti.
Pamusoro pezvo, kudiwa kwemvura munzvimbo yeprojekiti kwakakwira, mvura inopihwa inovimbiswa mushure mekunge chirongwa ichi chapera, uye mamiriro ekuita kurima kwemutengo wemvura wekurima akaiswa, ayo akateya hwaro hwekuita. mufananidzo wePPP.Mushure mekunge chirongwa ichi chapera, mvura yegore negore ichava 44.822 mamiriyoni m³, avhareji yegore negore kuchengetedza mvura ichava 21.58 mamiriyoni m³, uye chiyero chekuchengetedza mvura chichava 48.6%.
Zvibereko zvepurojekiti iyi zvinosanganisira:
(1) Mabasa maviri ekutora mvura.
(2) Purojekiti yekuendesa mvura: 32.33km yemapombi makuru ekufambisa mvura uye mapaipi makuru makumi mana nematanhatu ekufambisa mvura achavakwa, nehurefu hwepombi hwe156.58km.
(3) Purojekiti yekugovera mvura, kuvaka mapaipi makuru 801 ane pombi kureba kwe266.2km;1901 mvura yekugovera bazi mapaipi ane pombi kureba kwe345.33km;isa 4933 DN50 smart water metres.
(4) Injiniya yemumunda, kuvaka kwe4753 mapaipi ekubatsira ane kureba kwe241.73km.65.56 miriyoni yemabhandi ekudiridzisa, 3.33 miriyoni m epombi dzekudiridza nemadrip miriyoni 1.2 akaiswa.
(5) Iyo yakanyanya-inoshanda-yepamusoro-inochengetedza ruzivo rwekuchengetedza mvura inoumbwa nezvikamu zvina: kutapurirana kwemvura uye kugovera main network yekutarisa sisitimu, iyo meteorological uye mwando ruzivo rwekutarisa sisitimu, kuvakwa kwe otomatiki-inochengetedza mvura inochengetedza nzvimbo dzekuratidzira, uye kuvaka. yeruzivo system control centre.
2. Kuvandudzwa kweprojekiti nekuita zvakakosha
(1) Hurumende inofanira kuvandudza hurongwa uye nzira yekubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvekutora chikamu chehupfumi hwevanhu
Hurumende yakagadzira nzira nhanhatu.Hurumende yeYuanmou County yakanyatsogadzirisa dambudziko rekukwezva hupfumi hwevanhu kuti vatore chikamu mukuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetedza mvura yepurazi kuburikidza nekugadzwa kwemaitiro matanhatu: kugovera kodzero dzemvura, kuumbwa kwemutengo wemvura, kukurudzira kwekuchengetedza mvura, kusuma mari yemagariro, kutora chikamu kwevanhu vazhinji, manejimendi eprojekiti. uye manejimendi ekondirakiti, uye kutanga kuona kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetedza mvura yepurazi.Zvinangwa zvinotarisirwa zvekuvandudza, zvakaita sekuvandudzwa, kushanda kwakanaka kwemapurojekiti, vimbiso inoshanda yekuwaniswa kwemvura, kukurumidza kusimudzira maindasitiri uye kuenderera kwekuwedzera kwemari yevarimi, zvakaumba muenzaniso mutsva wehupfumi hwevanhu kuti vatore chikamu mukuvaka, kushanda uye manejimendi. minda yekuchengetedza mvura yepurazi.
Innovative water management.Kuti ive nechokwadi chezvido zvevanhu veko, uchichengetedza nzira yemvura, kuburikidza nekugoverwa kwekodzero dzemvura uye nzira yekugadzira yemutengo wemvura, kutungamira kwemitengo kunogamuchirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kupa kutamba kwakazara kune nyore, kushanda nesimba uye kuchengetedza hunhu. pombi yemvura, tungamira nzira nyowani dzekudiridza, uye pakupedzisira kuwana zviwanikwa zvemvura.kushandiswa kwemvura nemazvo kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuchengetedza mvura.Yuanmou County yakanyorwa semutyairi wedunhu renyika rekurima rakadzama rekugadzirisa mutengo wemvura.Kuitwa kwechirongwa ichi kwakakurudzira kuvandudzwa kwekutonga kwemvura uye nzira yekugovera kodzero dzemvura.
(2) Social capital inosimudzira zvayakanakira tekinoroji kusimudzira budiriro yehungwaru yekudiridza kwekurima
Vakai irrigation yepurazi “water network” system.(WeChat Public Account: Water Investment Policy Theory) Kuvaka purojekiti yemvura yedhamu, chirongwa chekuendesa mvura kubva padziva kuenda papombi huru yekuendesa mvura uye pombi huru yekufambisa mvura, kusanganisira chirongwa chekugovera mvura chepombi huru yebazi. , pombi yebazi rekugovera mvura uye pombi yekubatsira, yakashongedzerwa nehungwaru metering zvivako, zvivakwa zvekudiridza, zvichingodaro, kugadzira "mvura network" system inovhara nzvimbo yeprojekiti kubva patsime remvura kuenda kumunda, kubatanidza "sumo, kutakura, kugovera. , nokudiridza”.
Gadzira dhijitari uye yakangwara "management network" uye "sevhisi network".Chirongwa ichi chinoisa midziyo yekudzivirira yekudiridza yemvura ine simba uye michina yekutaurirana isina waya, inobatanidza midziyo yekudzora senge smart mamita emvura, mavharuvhu emagetsi, masisitimu emagetsi, mawireless sensing uye kutaurirana pasina waya, uye inotarisisa hunyoro hwevhu nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pakushandiswa kwemvura yechirimwa, fetereza. kushandiswa, uye kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka., kuchengetedzwa kwepombi uye rumwe ruzivo rwunoendeswa kunzvimbo yeruzivo, nzvimbo yeruzivo inodzora shanduko yevharuvhu yemagetsi zvinoenderana neiyo yakatarwa kukosha, alarm mhinduro, uye mhedzisiro yekuongorora data, uye panguva imwechete inoendesa ruzivo kune mbozhanhare. terminal, mushandisi anogona kushanda ari kure.
3. Kubudirira kweprojekiti
Iyi purojekiti inotora kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzakakura dzekudiridza semutakuri, inotora kuvandudzwa kwehurongwa uye michina sesimba rekufambisa, uye neushingi inosuma hupfumi hwevanhu kuti vatore chikamu mukupinza, kuvaka, kushanda uye manejimendi yekuchengetedza mvura yepurazi, uye inozadzisa chinangwa chekukunda-kukunda kune ese mapato.
(1) Migumisiro yemagariro
Kushandisa tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekurima kushandura tsika yekudyara yechinyakare:
Chirongwa ichi chasandura nzira yechinyakare yekudyarwa kwekurima, iyo inodya mvura, inodya nguva uye inobata basa.Nekutora tekinoroji yedrip tube tekinoroji, mwero wekushandiswa kwemvura wakakwira kusvika 95%, uye avhareji yekushandisa mvura pamu inoderedzwa kubva pa600-800m³ yekudiridza mafashama kusvika 180-240m³;
Huwandu hwevashandi vemaneja pamu yezvirimwa zvakaderedzwa kubva pa20 kusvika pa6, izvo zvinoderedza basa revarimi kuburitsa mvura uye kuchengetedza basa rekudiridza;
Kushandiswa kwepombi dzemadiridziro ekudonha kuisa fetereza nekuisa mishonga yezvipembenene kunonatsiridza zvikuru mwero wekushandiswa kwefetereza yemakemikari nemishonga yezvipembenene, izvo zvinogona kuchengetedza 30% yefetereza yemakemikari nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro ekushandisa;
Kushandiswa kwepombi pakugovera mvura kunovimbisa kuti chitubu chemvura chakavimbiswa, uye varimi havafanire kuisa mari muzvivakwa zvekudiridza nemidziyo ivo pachavo, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya mari yekugadzira.(WeChat Public Account: Water Investment Policy Theory)
Kuenzaniswa nekudiridza kwemafashama, kudiridza kwedrip kunochengetedza mvura, fetereza, nguva uye basa.Kuwedzera kwegoho rekurima i26.6% uye goho rekuwedzera i17.4%.Kurudzirai kusimukira kwekurima kwechinyakare kusvika pakurima kwemazuva ano.
Kuderedza kushomeka kwezviwanikwa zvemvura uye kusimudzira budiriro yemagariro nehupfumi:
Iyo purojekiti inotora nzira ye "pombi yemvura yepombi, kutora kadhi rechikwereti" uye "kumusoro-kumusoro kwekutanga, uyezve kuburitsa mvura", iyo yakashandura tsika ye "kuvakazve uye chiedza pombi" munzvimbo yekuchengetedza mvura yepurazi.Iko kushandiswa kunoshanda kwemvura yekudiridza yakawedzera kubva pa0.42 kusvika 0.9, kuchengetedza inodarika 21.58 miriyoni m³ yemvura gore rega rega..
Ruzivo rweveruzhinji rwekuchengetedza mvura rwakasimudzirwa zvakanyanya, kushanda kwakasimba uye kune hutano kwemapurojekiti emadiridziro kwaonekwa, kupesana pakati pekupa uye kudiwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura kwadzikiswa, uye kugarisana uye kugadzikana kwevanhu kwakasimudzirwa.
Kudzikiswa kwekushandiswa kwemvura yekurima kunogona kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemvura mumaindasitiri uye kumwe kushandiswa kwemvura, nekudaro zvichisimudzira kusimukira kwehupfumi hwematunhu uye humwe hupfumi hwemaindasitiri.
Kurudzira kukwidziridzwa uye kushandiswa kwechiitiko chakanaka cheprojekiti mune mamwe matunhu:
Mushure mekupedzwa kweprojekiti, Dayu Water Saving Group Co., Ltd. ichasimudzirawo kushandiswa kweiyi tekinoroji uye manejimendi modhi mune dzimwe nzvimbo, senge Xiangyun County muYunnan (nzvimbo inodiridzwa ye50,000 mu), Midu County (nzvimbo inodiridzwa. 49,000 mu), Mile County (nzvimbo inodiridzwa ye50,000 mu), Yongsheng County (nzvimbo inodiridzwa ye16,000 mu), Xinjiang Shaya County (inodiridzwa ye153,500 mu), Gansu Wushan County (inodiridzwa ye41,600 mu), Hebei County (Huaila County) nzvimbo yekudiridza ye82,000 mu), nezvimwewo.
(2) Migumisiro yehupfumi
Kuwedzera mari yevanhu uye kuwedzera basa remunharaunda:
Mutengo wemvura pa mu mu unogona kudzikiswa kubva kune yekutanga 1,258 yuan kusvika 350 yuan, uye avhareji yemari pamu ichawedzera neinopfuura 5,000 yuan;
Iyo kambani yepurojekiti ine vashandi makumi matatu nevaviri, kusanganisira makumi maviri nevashanu vemunharaunda yeYuanmou uye 6 vashandi vechikadzi.Kuitwa kwechirongwa ichi kunonyanya kuitwa nevanhu veko.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kambani inogona kudzoreredza mutengo mumakore mashanu kusvika manomwe, neavhareji yegore rekudzoka ye7.95%.
Macooperatives evarimi ane goho repasi re4.95%.
Kurumidzai kusimudzira maindasitiri uye kurudzira kumutsiridza kumaruwa:
Kuitwa kwechirongwa ichi kunoderedza mutengo wemvura pamu kubva paRMB 1,258 kusvika paRMB 350, zvichiita kuti pave nemamiriro akanaka ekutonga kwekurima.
Varimi vemunharaunda kana makomiti emumusha vanoendesa ivhu ravo kumakambani ekudyara vari voga, kubva pazvirimwa zvekudya zvechinyakare kuenda kumango, marefu, mazambiringa, maranjisi nemimwe michero inopfumisa ine hupfumi hwepamusoro, uye vanogadzira muriwo wakasvibira, wakamisikidzwa uye wakakura-wepamusoro-soro. indasitiri Base, kuvaka inodziya michero sainzi uye tekinoroji paki, wedzera avhareji mari inodarika zviuru zvishanu zveyuan pamu, uye ongorora nzira yekubatanidza budiriro ye "industrial urombo hwekubvisa + tsika yekubvisa hurombo + yekushanya urombo".
Varimi vakawana kudzikama uye kwakasimba kwekukura kwemari kuburikidza nenzira dzakawanda dzakadai sekudyara, kuendesa ivhu, mabasa ari pedyo, uye kushanya kwetsika.
(3) Migumisiro yezvakatipoteredza
Deredza kusvibiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye kuvandudza nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza:
Kuburikidza nekutarisa kunobudirira nekugadzirisa kunaka kwemvura, zvakatipoteredza uye ivhu, chirongwa ichi chinogona kukurudzira kushandiswa kwakazara kwemafetereza epapurazi nemishonga yezvipembenene, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwefetereza yemumunda nemishonga yezvipembenene nemvura, kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemvura kusiri kwenzvimbo, kukurudzira mhando dzekurima dzekurima, uye kuvandudza nharaunda ye ecology.
Kuitwa kwechirongwa ichi kwaita kuti mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza mvura yeminda munzvimbo yepurojekiti ave nemadiridziro ane musoro, ane madiridziro ane musoro, minda yakatsvinda, uye yakakodzera kurima nemichina.Iyo agro-ecological artificial vegetation system uye mamiriro ekunze anobatsira kudzora nekuvandudza munda microclimate munzvimbo yakadiridzwa, uye kuderedza kutyisidzira kwenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzakadai sekusanaya kwemvura, kudonha kwemvura uye chando kune kugadzirwa kwekurima kubva pakuona kwezvakatipoteredza.
Pakupedzisira ziva kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa, kuve nechokwadi chedenderedzwa rakanaka reecology, uye kugadzira mamiriro ekusimudzira kwakasimba kwenzvimbo dzekudiridza.
(4) Kutungamirirwa kwematambudziko emari uye kushandiswa kwemari
Muna 2015, hurumende yeChina yakapa "Nhungamiro yeKuratidzira kweKukwanisa Kwemari yePublic-Private Partnerships", iyo inoti basa rekushandiswa kwemari yezvirongwa zvese zvePPP zvehurumende pamatanho ese zvinofanirwa kurongwa kubva mubhajeti, uye chikamu. yezvakajairwa bhajeti reveruzhinji padanho rinoenderana harifanirwe kunge richipfuura 10%.
Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa izvi, iyo PPP yakazara ruzivo chikuva yakagadzira yekutarisa pamhepo uye yekutanga yambiro hurongwa hwekukwanisa kuwana mari, iyo inotarisisa zvizere basa remashandisirwo emari epurojekiti yega yega yePPP yeguta rega rega nehurumende yedunhu uye chikamu chayo kumari yebhajeti yeruzhinji. mwero mumwe chete.Saizvozvo, chirongwa chega chega chePPP chinofanira kuita ratidziro yekuwana mari uye kubvumidzwa nehurumende padanho rimwe chete.
Iyi purojekiti ipurojekiti inobhadharwa nemushandisi.Munguva ya2016-2037, mari yese ichashandiswa nehurumende imamiriyoni makumi mana nemaviri emamiriyoni emadhora (kusanganisira: 25 miriyoni yuan kubva kuhurumende yekutsigira zvivakwa muna 2018-2022; 17.09 miriyoni yuan contingent expenditure kubva kuhurumende mu2017-2037 Conting expenditure. iri muChete kana njodzi inoenderana inoitika.) Kushandiswa kwegore negore kwezvirongwa zvese zvePPP zvehurumende pamwero wakafanana hazvipfuuri 10% yebhajeti reruzhinji padanho rakafanana, uye chikamu chepamusoro chakaitika muna 2018, pa 0.35%.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-03-2022
