Muenzaniso Wakasimba Wekudiridza-Kuchengetedza Mvura muYuanmou County
Abstract: Iyo "Trending Topics" iri papeji rekutanga reBudiriro Asia webhusaiti yeAsia Development Bank yakaburitsa nyaya yepurojekiti yePPP inochengetedza mvura inochengetedza mvura muYuanmou, Yunnan, nechinangwa chekugovana nyaya uye ruzivo rwezvirongwa zveChinese PPP. nedzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira muAsia.
Muenzaniso Wakasimba Wekudiridza-Kuchengetedza Mvura muYuanmou County Chirongwa chekudyidzana neveruzhinji nevemabhizimusi muPeople's Republic of China chakavandudza kurima uye mari yevarimi nekuvaka nzira yakabatana yekudiridzira. Iri mumupata wakaoma-unopisa weRwizi rweJinshajiang, Yuanmou County mudunhu reYunnan mudunhu rePeople's Republic of China (PRC) yatambudzwa nekushomeka kwemvura kwakanyanya izvo zvakanganisa kufambira mberi kwekurima kwenzvimbo uye zvakakonzera kukwira kwemadiridziro asina kusimba. . Purojekiti yeruzhinji-yakavanzika (PPP) yakavaka network yakabatanidzwa yekugovera kuti iwedzere kupihwa kwemvura uye mashandisirwo ekudiridza mudunhu uye yakagadzira hurongwa hwekuita kuti kushanda kwayo kuenderere mberi.Chirongwa ichi chakavandudza kurima, chakasimudza mari yevarimi, uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemvura uye mutengo. 2018-2038 : Operation Period $44.37 miriyoni (￥307.7852 miriyoni) : Total Project Cost Mvura Bureau yeYuanmou County Iyo kambani Dayu Irrigation Group Co., Ltd. Iyo kambani Dayu Irrigation Group Co., Ltd. Hurumende yePeople's Republic of China Varimi vemuno nevamwe vane chekuita navo Kudiwa kwepagore kwekudiridza muYuanmou i92.279 miriyoni cubic metres (m³).Nekudaro, chete 66.382 miriyoni m³ yemvura inowanikwa gore rega rega.Chikamu che55% chete chemahekita 28,667 evhu rinorimika mudunhu ndiro rinodiridzwa.Vanhu veYuanmou vagara vachichemera mhinduro kudambudziko remvura iri, asi hurumende yemuno ine bhajeti shoma uye kugona kuita mabasa ekuchengetedza mvura pamusoro pezvirongwa zvayakarongwa. Yuanmou County iri kuchamhembe kweCentral Yunnan Plateau uye inotonga maguta matatu nemataundi manomwe.Chikamu chayo chikuru ndechekurima, uye vanenge 90% yevagari varimi.Dunhu iri rakapfuma mupunga, miriwo, mango, longan, kofi, tamarind michero, uye zvimwe zvirimwa zvinopisa uye zvinopisa. Kune madhamu matatu mudunhu, anogona kushanda semanyuko emvura yekudiridza.Pamusoro pezvo, mari yegore rega rega yevarimi venzvimbo inodarika ¥8,000 ($1,153) uye avhareji kukosha kwekubuda pahekita inodarika ¥150,000 ($21,623).Zvinhu izvi zvinoita kuti Yuanmou ive yakanakira hupfumi kuti iite chirongwa chekugadzirisa mvura pasi pePPP. Hurumende yePRC inokurudzira masangano akazvimirira kuti atore chikamu mukudyara, kuvaka, uye kushanda kwemapurojekiti ekuchengetedza mvura kuburikidza nePPP modhi sezvo izvi zvichigona kurerutsa mutoro wezvemari uye wehunyanzvi hwehurumende mukuunza mabasa ari nani uye panguva yakakodzera. Kuburikidza nemakwikwi ekutenga, hurumende yemuno yeYuanmou yakasarudza Dayu Irrigation Group Co., LTD.semubatsiri wepurojekiti yeWater Bureau mukuvaka network network yemvura yekudiridza mumapurazi.Dayu ichashanda iyi system kwemakore makumi maviri. Iyo purojekiti yakavaka yakabatanidzwa mvura network network ine zvinotevera zvikamu: ·Kutora mvura: Nzvimbo mbiri dzekudyira dzakasiyana-siyana mumadhamu maviri. ·Kufambiswa kwemvura: Pombi huru ye32.33-kilomita (km) pombi huru yekufambisa mvura kubva munzvimbo dzekudyira uye mapaipi makumi mana nematanhatu ehuru yekufambisa mvura yakanangana nepombi huru ine hurefu hwakazara hwe156.58 km. Kugoverwa kwemvura: 801 sub-main pombi yekugovera mvura perpendicular kumvura inofambisa trunk pombi ine hurefu hwakazara hwe266.2 km, 901 mapaipi ebazi ekugovera mvura perpendicular kune sub-main pombi ine hurefu hwakazara hwe345.33 km, uye 4,933 DN50 smart water metres. ·Farmland engineering: Pombi network pasi pepombi dzebazi dzekugovera mvura, ine mapaipi ebetsero 4,753 ane hurefu hwakazara hwe241.73 km, machubhu anosvika 65.56 miriyoni yemamita, pombi dzekudiridza dzinosvika 3.33 miriyoni metres, uye 1.2 miriyoni madripper. ·Smart water-saving information system: A monitoring system for water transmission and distribution, monitoring system for meteorological and hunyoro information, automatic-saving water-seving, and control centre for the information system. Iyo purojekiti yakabatanidzwa smart water metres, yemagetsi vharafu, magetsi ekupa system, isina waya sensor, uye isina waya yekutaurirana michina kuendesa ruzivo, senge chirimwa mvura yekushandisa, huwandu hwefetereza, huwandu hwemishonga yezvipembenene, hunyoro hwevhu, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, kushanda kwakachengeteka kwepombi nezvimwe, kunzvimbo yekudzora.Chirongwa chakakosha chakagadzirwa icho varimi vanogona kudhawunirodha nekuisa panharembozha dzavo.Varimi vanogona kushandisa iyo app kubhadhara mari yemvura uye kuisa mvura kubva kunzvimbo yekudzora.Mushure mekuunganidza ruzivo rwekushandisa kwemvura kubva kuvarimi, nzvimbo yekudzora inoshanda hurongwa hwekugovera mvura uye kuvazivisa kuburikidza nekutumira mameseji.Zvadaro, varimi vanogona kushandisa mbozhanhare dzavo kushandisa mavharuvhu ekudzora emuno kudiridza, fetereza, nekuisa mishonga yezvipembenene.Vanokwanisa kuwana mvura painodiwa uye kuchengetedza mari yevashandi zvakare. Kunze kwekuvaka zvivakwa, chirongwa ichi chakaunza zvakare data- uye misika-yakavakirwa masisitimu ekuita kuti iyo yakabatanidzwa mvura network system irambe yakasimba. Kupihwa kwekodzero dzemvura kwekutanga: Zvichibva pakuongorora nekuongorora kwakadzama, hurumende inoratidza mwero weavhareji yekushandiswa kwemvura pahekita uye inomisa hurongwa hwekutengesa kodzero dzemvura umo kodzero dzemvura dzinogona kutengeswa. Mitengo yemvura: Hurumende inoisa mutengo wemvura, unogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana nekuverenga nekutariswa mushure mekunzwa kweveruzhinji kwePrice Bureau. Kurudziro yekuchengetedza mvura uye nzira yekubatsira yakanangana: Hurumende inodzika homwe yemubairo wekuchengetedza mvura kuti ipe kurudziro kuvarimi nekupa rubatsiro rwekurima mupunga.Zvichakadaro, chirongwa chinofambira mberi chekuchaja chinofanira kuiswa pakushandisa mvura yakawandisa. Kutora chikamu kwevanhu vakawanda: Mushandirapamwe wekushandiswa kwemvura, wakarongeka nehurumende yemunharaunda uye wakagadzwa pamwe chete nehofisi yekutonga reservoir, nharaunda gumi nematanhatu nemakomiti emumusha, munzvimbo yakakura yekudiridza yeYuanmou County yakatora vashandisi vemvura zviuru gumi nezvitatu nemazana matatu munzvimbo yepurojekiti senhengo dzemubatanidzwa. yakakwidzwa ￥27.2596 miriyoni ($3.9296 miriyoni) nenzira yekunyoreswa kwemugove yakasimwa muSpecial Purpose Vehicle (SPV), iyo kambani inotsigira yakavambwa pamwe chete naDayu nehurumende yenzvimbo yeYuanmou, ine kudzoka kwakavimbiswa pamwero wakaderera we4.95%.Kudyara kwevarimi kunoita kuti chirongwa ichi chifambiswe uye chigovane pundutso yeSPV. Kutarisira nekugadzirisa chirongwa.Iyo purojekiti yakaita manejimendi matatu manejimendi uye kugadzirisa.Zvitubu zvemvura zvine chekuita nechirongwa ichi zvinotariswa nekuchengetwa nehofisi yebazi rinoona nezvemadziva.Mapombi ekufambisa mvura uye zvivakwa zvakangwara zvemamita emvura kubva kunzvimbo dzekutora mvura kusvika kumamita ekupedzisira emunda zvinotarisirwa nekuchengetwa neSPV.Zvichakadaro, pombi dzekudiridza dzemadrip irrigation after field end mets dzinozvivaka uye dzinotungamirirwa nevanoshandisa.Kodzero dzemidziyo yeprojekiti inojekeswa maererano nemusimboti wekuti "munhu ane chaanodyara". Chirongwa ichi chakakurudzira kuchinjirwa kuhurongwa hwekurima hwechizvino-zvino hunoshanda mukuchengetedza uye kuwedzera mashandisiro akanaka emvura, fetereza, nguva, uye basa;uye mukuwedzera mari yevarimi. Nehunyanzvi hwekudonhedza mvura, kushandiswa kwemvura mumapurazi kwakagadzirwa zvakanaka.Avhareji yekushandisa mvura pahekita yakaderedzwa kusvika pa2,700–3,600 m³ kubva pa9,000–12,000 m³.Kunze kwekuderedza basa remurimi, kushandiswa kwemapombi edrip irrigation kuisa fetereza yemakemikari nemishonga yezvipembenene kwakavandudza mashandisirwo azvo nechikamu che30%.Izvi zvakawedzera kurimwa kwekurima nechikamu che26.6% uye mari yevarimi ne17.4%. Chirongwa ichi chakadzikisawo avhareji yemutengo wemvura pahekita kusvika pa ￥5,250 ($757) kubva pa￥18,870 ($2,720).Izvi zvakakurudzira varimi kuti vasiye zvirimwa zvechinyakare zvezviyo kuti vatange zvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvakaita semichero yemusango ine hupfumi yakaita semango, longan, mazambiringa nemaranjisi.Izvi zvakawedzera mari yaiwana pahekita neinodarika￥75,000 yuan ($10,812). Special Purpose Vehicle, iyo inovimba nemari yemvura inobhadharwa nevarimi, inotarisirwa kudzoreredza mari yayo mumakore mashanu kusvika manomwe.Kudzoka kwayo pakudyara kuri pamusoro pe7%. Kunyatso tarisisa nekugadzirisa kunaka kwemvura, nharaunda, uye ivhu zvakasimudzirwa zvine hungwaru uye zvakasvibira kurima kurima.Kushandiswa kwemafetereza emakemikari nemishonga yezvipembenene kwakaderedzwa.Matanho aya akaderedza kusvibiswa kwenzvimbo dzisiri dzenzvimbo uye akaita kuti kurima kwenzvimbo kugadzirise kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kubatanidzwa kwekambani yakazvimirira kunokonzeresa shanduko yebasa rehurumende kubva "mumhanyi" kuenda ku "referee."Makwikwi emusika akazara anoita kuti nyanzvi dzidzidzise hunyanzvi hwavo. Iyo bhizinesi modhi yepurojekiti yakaoma uye inoda simba rakasimba rakazara rekuvaka nekushanda kweprojekiti. Iyo PPP purojekiti, inofukidza nzvimbo yakakura, inoda mari yakawanda, uye kushandisa smart matekinoroji, kwete chete zvinobudirira kuderedza kudzvanywa kwemari yehurumende yekudyara kamwe chete, asi zvakare inovimbisa kupedzwa kwekuvaka munguva uye kushanda kwakanaka kwekuita. Cherechedza: ADB inoona "China" sePeople's Republic of China. China Public Private Partnerships Center webhusaiti.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-30-2022 
